The functions of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), established in 1999, are to promote, coordinate and observe the international fight against doping in sports. Every year the WADA releases a list of banned substances as a guide for those involved in sports. [1/8]

However, there are still athletes not realising that they might have taken banned substances. These unfortunate instances can force them out of action for a long period.

[2/8]

These substances can be divided into 4 main components. Here are the 4 main components in the WADA list and its side effects to athletes.

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1. Stimulants.

Example: Methamphetamine

Effects;

• Anxiety and aggression

• Struggle to sleep

• Tremors

• Struggle with balancing and coordination

• Increased heart rate

• Heart attack

[4/8]

2. Steroid

Example: Dexamethasone, Betamethasone and Prednisolone

Effects;

• Face and body acne

• Aggression

• Fragile bones

• Liver and heart diseases

• Kidney failure

[5/8]

• Suicidal tendencies

3. Marijuana

Example: Cannabis

Effects;

• Loss focus and motivation

• Forgetful

• Breathing difficulties such as chronic bronchitis and could cause throat cancer

• Weak immune system

[6/8]

4. Narcotics

Examples: Heroin, Morphine and Methadone

Effects;

• Stomach problems such as often vomitting and constipation

• Weak immune system

• Respiratory distress

• Low heart rate

[7/8]

• Struggle to focus

This health information is provided by Dr. Abdul Razak Ahmad, team doctor of Johor Darul Ta'zim FC (JDT). Luaskan Kuasamu Johor.

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